Office Address:                       Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
                                                 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
                                                 Lubbock, Texas  79430-0001
                                                 Phone:  (806) 743-9500 ext.253
 

Professional Goals:                 Research/teaching of human vision and visual abnormalities.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING:

Bachelor of Arts, University of Hawaii, 1968. 

Masters of Arts in Experimental Psychology, University of Hawaii, 1970.

Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, 1972.

Research Assistant, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii, 1972.

Research Assistant, Laboratory of Sensory Sciences, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, 1968-74.

Postdoctoral Fellow (under Professor Mathew Alpern and Dr. Harold Falls), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), 1974-77.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1977-81.

Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1982-1991.

Director, Clinical Electrophysiology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1982-present.

 

Tenure, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1986.

 

Sabbatical with Professor Davida Teller (University of Washington), Summer 1986 and 1988.

 

Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1991-present.

 

Sabbatical with Professor Richard Srebro (University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center), September 1997 to March 1998.

RESEARCH GRANT AWARDS:

National Eye Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship Award, 1974-77.

 

Research to Prevent Blindness Manpower Award, 1979.

 

National Eye Institute Academic Investigator Award No. EY 00146, 1979 (declined award in order to accept an RO1 grant).

 

National Eye Institute, No. EY 03062 RSL Young (PI), Psychophysical study of photopic abnormalities, 1979-81.

 

National Eye Institute, No. EY 04276, RSL Young (PI), Psychophysical study of photopic abnormalities, 1981-83.

 

*Co-investigator, National Eye Institute, No. EY 04780, 1983-86.

 

*RP Foundation Fighting Blindness, Small Grants Program, 1983-86.

 

*ISCEV Travel Fellowship to Stockholm, Sweden, June 1984.

 

*National Eye Institute, No. EY 05746,  "Adaptation of residual rod signals in CSNB patients", RSL Young (PI) and J Price, 1986-1990, $190,500 (total) or $117,000 (direct) + $73,500 (indirect).

 

*National Eye Institute, No. EY 06407,  "Visual tests for patients with central scotoma", RSL Young (PI), R Cogan, J Price and G Tyner, 1986-1991, $233,750 (total) or $168,500 (direct) + $65,250 (indirect).

 

Co-investigator, National Eye Institute, No. EY 02920, "Psychophysical studies of infant vision", D Teller (PI) and RSL Young, 1987-1989, $274,200 (granted to the University of Washington).

 

*National Eye Institute, No. EY 07913, "Small Instrumentation Grant Program", RSL Young (PI), 1988-89, $28,800.

 

*National Eye Institute, No. EY08384, "Pupillometric study of a color response", RSL Young (PI), 1991-1996, $599,500 (total) or $402,000 (direct) + $197,500 (indirect).

 

* Awards to TTUHSC.

PUBLICATIONS:

Young R and Cole R:  Luminance-duration threshold relationship under monocular and binocular viewing conditions.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  63:1014-1015, 1973.

 

Young R, Diamond AL and Cole R:  Effects of inducer duration and separation on test threshold.  Vision Research  14:83-87, 1974.

 

Young R, Cole R, Gamble M and Rayner MD:  Subjective patterns elicited by light flicker.  Vision Research  15:1291-1293, 1975.

 

Fishman G, Young R, Schall S and Vasquez V:  Electro-oculogram testing in fundus flavimaculatus.  Archives of Ophthalmology  97:1896-1988, 1979.

 

Sondheimer S, Fishman GA, Young R and Vasquez VA:  Dark adaptation testing in heterozygotes of Usher’s syndrome.  British Journal of Ophthalmology  63:547-550, 1979.

 

Young R and Young G:  Do rod signals control stimulus field prevalence in binocular rivalry?  Investigative Ophthalmology  18:194-199, 1979.

 

Young R and Alpern M:  Pupil responses to foveal exchange of monochromatic lights.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  70:697-705, 1980.

 

Young R, Fishman G and Chen F:  Traumatically acquired color vision defect.  Investigative Ophthalmology  19:545-549, 1980.

 

Young R and Fishman G:  Color matches of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.  Investigative Ophthalmology  19:967-972, 1980.

 

Young R and Fishman G:  The loss of color vision and Stiles’ pi 1 mechanism in a patient with cerebral infarction.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  70:1301-1305, 1980.

 

Fishman G, Young R and Vasquez V:  Color vision defects in retinitis pigmentosa.  Annals of Ophthalmology, May issue, 609-618, 1981.

 

Young R, Goldberg M and Fishman G:  The minimum retinal irradiance for viewing the human fundus in indirect ophthalmoscopy.  Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science  20:701-704, 1981.

 

Young R and Fishman G:  Sensitivity losses in a long wavelength sensitive mechanism of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.  Vision Research  22:163-172, 1982.

 

Young R, Krefman R and Fishman G:  Visual improvements with red-tinted glasses in a patient with cone dystrophy.  Archives of Ophthalmology  100:268-271, 1982.

 

Young R  Early-stage abnormality of foveal pi mechanisms in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  72:1021-1025, 1982.

 

Young R:  Field sensitivity of the short-wavelength-sensitive mechanism in the protanope’s parafoveal retina.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  72:1026-1028, 1982.

 

Young R, Krefman R, Anderson R and Fishman G:  Two additional benefits of “dark glasses” on rod vision in patients with congenital achromatopsia.  American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics  60:56-60, 1983.

 

Goldberg M, Young R, Read J and Cunha-Vaz J:  Macular hole caused by a 10 nsec dye laser burn at 589 nm.  Retina  3:40-44, 1983.

 

Young R (one of 28 co-authors):  Retinitis Pigmentosa:  A symposium on terminology and methods of examination.  American Academy of Ophthalmology  90:126-131, 1983.

 

Young R, Price J, Gorham N and Cowart M:  Selected abnormality of the cone b-wave in a patient with retinal degeneration.  Documenta Ophthalmologica  60:211-218, 1985.

 

Young R and Price J:  Wavelength discrimination deteriorates with illumination in blue cone incomplete achromats.  Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science  11:1543-1549, 1985.

 

Nork T, Shihab Z, Young R and Price J:  Pigment distribution in Waardenburg’s Syndrome:  A new hypothesis.  Graefe’s Archive of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology  224:487-492, 1986.

 

Young R, Price J and Harrison J:  Psychophysical study of rod adaptation in patients with congenital stationary night blindness.  Clinical Vision Sciences  1:137-143, 1986.

 

Young R, Price J, Walters J and Harrison J:  Photoreceptor responses of patients with congenital stationary night blindness.  Applied Optics  26:1390-1394, 1987.

 

Harrison J, O’Connor P, Young R and Bentley R:  The pattern ERG following surgical resection of the optic nerve.  Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science  28:492-499, 1987.

 

Young R, Price J and Harrison J:  Aversion to daytime illumination in patients with congenital achromatopsia.  Perceptual and Motor Skills  64:923-926, 1987.

 

Young R, Clavadetscher J and Teller D:  Screening of red-green color deficient observers using the chromatic pupillary response.  Clinical Vision Sciences  2:117-222, 1987.

 

Vallabhan G, Kristiansen S, Price J and Young R:  Effect of adaptation and wavelength on the power spectrum of human oscillatory potentials.  Documenta Ophthalmologica 69:145-151, 1988.

 

Stewart B and Young R:  The pupillary response.  An index of visual threshold.  Applied Optics  28:1122-1127, 1989.

 

Chaparro A and Young R:  Reading with the rod visual system.  Applied Optics  28:1110-1114, 1989.

 

Young R, Chaparro A, Price J and Walters J:  Oscillatory potentials of x-linked carriers of congenital stationary night blindness.  Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science  30:806-812, 1989.

 

Musarella MA, Weleber RG, Murphey WH, Young R, Anson-Cartwright L, Mets M, Kraft SP, Polemeno R, Litt M and Worton RG:  Assignment of the gene for complete x-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB1) to Xp11.3.  Genomics  5:727-737, 1989.

 

Young R: Low frequency component of the photopic ERG in patients with x-linked CSNB.  Clinical Vision Sciences  6:309-315, 1991.

 

Young R and Teller D:  The determination of lights that are isoluminant for both scotopic and photopic vision.  Journal of the Optical Society of America  8:2048-2052, 1991.

 

Young R and J Harrison:  Poor color vision.  Chapter in Making decisions in Ophthalmology  ed. van Heuven, WAJ and Zwaan, JT, BC Decker, Inc., pg. 228-229, 1992.

 

Harrison J and R Young:  Poor night vision.  Chapter in Making decisions in Ophthalmology  ed. van Heuven, WAJ and Zwaan, JT, BC Decker, Inc., pg. 276-277, 1992.

 

Young R, Han BC and Wu, PY:  Transient and sustained components of the pupillary responses evoked by luminance and color.  Vision Research  33:437-446, 1993.

 

Chaparro A and Young R:  Reading with  rods:  The superiority of central vision for rapid reading.  Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science  34:2341-2347, 1993.

 

Young R and Kennish J:  Transient and sustained components of the pupillary responses evoked by achromatic spatial patterns.  Vision Research  33:2239-2252, 1993.

 

Kimura E and Young R:  Nature of the pupillary responses evoked by chromatic flashes on a white background.  Vision Research  35:897-906, 1995.

 

Young R, Kimura E and DeLucia P:  A pupillometric correlate of scotopic visual acuity.  Vision Research, 35:2235-2241, 1995.

 

Kimura E and Young R:  A chromatic-cancellation property of human pupillary responses.  Vision Research, 36:1543-1550, 1996.

Boycott KM, Pearce WG, Musarella MA, Weleber RG, Maybaum TA, Birch DG, Miyake Y, Young RSL, and Bech-Hansen NT. Evidence for Genetic Heterogeneity in X-Linked Congenital Stationary NightBlindness. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:865-875, 1998.

 

Kimura E and Young R:  S-cone contribution to pupillary responses evoked by chromatic flash offset. Vision Research,  39:1189-1197, 1999.

 

Bech-Hanson N T, and 15 others (including RYoung). Mutations in NYX, encoding the leucine-rich proteoglycan nyctalopin, cause X-linked complete congenital stationary night blindness.  Nat Genet, 26(3):319-23, 2000.

Freedman KA, Brown SM, Mathews SM, Young R.  Pupil size and the ablation zone in laser refractive surgery: considerations based on geometric optics. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003 Oct;29(10):1924-31.

  

Young R & Freedman KA. (In press, September2007). Chapter 9, The Pupil, physiology & function  for the Physiology Section in Volume 2 of Duane's Foundations of Clinical Ophthalmology

Young R & Kimura E. Pupillary correlates of light-evoked melanopsin activity in humans. Under revision  after initial review (2007). Vision Research. Article on line via the following DOI link http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.12.016

BOOK REVIEW:

Young R:  Night vision: Basic, Clinical, and Applied Aspects edited by RF Hess, LT Sharp and K Nordby, 1990.  Optics & Photonic News 2:46, 1991.

PATENT:

Young R, inventor: ."Method and apparatus for evaluation of phasic visual neurons in humans".  U.S. Patent #5,141,305 (August 1992).

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES:

Technical Committee (1987 - 1989), Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System Symposium, Optical Society of America.

 

Grant Review Committee (1990-1992), Fight-for-Sight Inc.

 

Organizer and presider, "Central Color Vision Deficiencies" Symposium, Optical Society of America (Sept 1992, Albuquerque, NM).

INVITED LECTURES:

Pupillary responses to chromatic light exchanges.  School of Optometry, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, March 1977.

 

Does the human iris receive color-coded information?  Department of Psychology, University of Illinois (Urbana), Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, March 1977.

 

Photopic visual losses in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.  Chicago Chapter of the National Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, January 1980.

 

The duplex nature of the human visual system.  Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, March 1981.

 

Psychophysical study of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.  Department of Ophthalmology and the Neurological Science Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Portland, Oregon, May 1981.

 

A perspective of clinical psychophysics.  Department of Ophthalmology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, May 1981.

 

A perspective of clinical psychophysics.  National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, May 1981.

 

Psychophysical studies of patients with visual disorders.  Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, June 1981.

 

Adaptation of residual rod signals in night-blind patients.  Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, April 1984.

 

Studies on a rare form of night blindness.  Technology Incorporated, San Antonio, Texas, February 1986.

 

Shedding light on a rare form of night blindness.  Sigma Xi, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, March 1987.

 

Three approaches to the study of congenital stationary night blindness.  School of Optometry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, April 1987.

 

A psychophysical study of congenital stationary night blindness.  Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, August 1988.

 

A psychophysical study of congenital stationary night blindness.  Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, July 1988.

 

A psychophysical study of congenital stationary night blindness.  Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, June 1990.

 

Multiple visual processes mediating the pupillary light reflex.  The First Asian-Pacific Symposium on Visual Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China, November 2-5, 1994.

 

Pupillary Response:  A study of chromatic responses in a functionally achromatic system.  Optical Society of America Symposium on Ocular Responses evoked by chromatic stimuli, Rochester, New York, October 23 1996.

Young-Kil Kim, Ph.D., from the Texas Tech University Department of Industrial Engineering (December 1990) Dissertation title:  A study of spatial perception using an ultrasonic guidance system.  Dr. Kim is currently a commander in the Systems Research and Analysis Department of the South Korean Navy.  His research interests deal with the application of human factors theory to naval weapon systems.

 

Alex Chaparro, Ph.D., from the Texas Tech University Department of Psychology (December 1991).  Dissertation title:  Reading with the rod visual system.  Under Dr. Young's supervision, Dr. Chaparro received a minority predoctoral fellowship in neuroscience from the American Psychological Association while at Texas Tech and a Ford Foundation Fellowship while pursuing postdoctoral training at Harvard University.  Alex currently is an assistant professor in Psychology at Wichita State University.

 

Eiji Kimura, doctoral candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Tokyo.  Eiji is currently Associate Professor of Experimental Psychology at Osaka Prefecture University.

 

Lie-Yi Fang, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow.  Dr. Fang recently graduated from the Institute of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai).  Dr. Fang is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Electrical Engineering at Texas Tech University.
 

Doctoral Committee Member:

Meyer, L. (2000) Effects of Retinal Eccentricity on Judgments about Collisions.  Experimental Psychology (under Professor Pat De Lucia).