Pharmacy Practice

Drug Information Center - Literature Citation Style

Literature citations are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the article and are grouped at the end of the articles under the heading "References." Abbreviations of journal names conform to those used in Index Medicus. The references are in the style used in the American Medical Association Manual of Style. When necessary for the sake of brevity, the article title may be omitted. The sequence followed in the citation is:

General References:

Standard journal article - (list all authors when 6 or less; when more than 6, list only first 3 and add et al).

Roberts LW, O’Donnell J, Matsuda T et al. Pharmacy-assisted burn unit skin bank program. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1977;34:1353-4.

Authors. Title of article. Journal Abbreviation. Year;Volume:Pages.

Abstract:

Bartle WR, Walker SE, Shapero T. Effect of cimetidine on phenytoin metabolism [abstract]. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982; 31:202.

Authors. Title of article [abstract]. Journal Abbreviation. Year;Volume:Page(s).

Reference to an entire book:

Osler AG. Complement: Mechanisms and Functions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1976.

Wertheimer AI, Smith MC, eds. Pharmacy practice: Social and Behavioral Aspects. 7th ed. London: England: University of Park Press; 1981. 180-185.

Author or Editors(s). Book Title: subtitle(if one exists). Edition number (do not indicate edition #1). Publication city, state abbreviation: Publisher; Year of copyright. Pages numbers.

Chapter or article in book:

Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathogenic properties of invading microorganisms. In: Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, eds. Pathologic Physiology: Mechanisms of Disease. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1974:457-72.

Author(s). Chapter title. In: editor list, eds. Book Title. Edition. Publication city, State abbreviation: Publisher; Year: Page numbers.

Governmental agency publication:

National Center for Health Statistics. Acute conditions: incidence and associated disability, United States July 1968-June 1969. Rockville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1972; DHEW publication no. (HSM)72-1036. (Vital and health statistics; series 10: Data from the National Health Survey; no 69.)

Note: Government publications often provide recommended citation guidelines on the copyright and publisher pages.

Package insert:

Accutane(R) [package insert]. Nutley, NJ: Roche Laboratories; 1982.

Trade Name(R) [package insert]. City the Company is located in, State Abbreviation: Manufacturer; Year.

Paper presented at a meeting:

Stern NB, Millburg WJ, Steckel SD. Managing proper disposal of antineoplastic agents. Paper presented to the 17th Annual ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting. Los Angeles, CA: 1982 Dec 7.

Presenters. Title of presentation. Meeting where the paper was presented. City, State Abbreviation: Year Month Day.

LIBRARY DATABASES

DynaMed:

If authors and reviewers are named in the Acknowledgements section of the cited summary, use the following format:

Halverson L, LaRue O, Alper BS (Authors). Cowett RM (Reviewer). Transient tachypnea of neonate (TTN). Last updated 2006 Aug 4. DynaMed.

Available from: http://www.DynamicMedical.com. Accessed August 21, 2006.

If no reviewer is named in the Acknowledgements section of the cited summary, use the following format:

Katsaros MC (Author). [Review pending.] Psoas syndrome. Last updated 2006 May 10. DynaMed.

Available from: http://www.DynamicMedical.com. Accessed August 21, 2006.

ebrary:

Wang B, Siahaan T, Soltero R, editors. Drug delivery: principles and applications [monograph on the Internet]. Hoboken, NJ: John H. Wiley & Sons; 2005 [cited 2006 Oct 9]. Available from:
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ttuhsc/Top?brw.x=40&brw.y=5&brwhigh=RS000441&brwlow=RS000001&brwtitle=Pharmacy+and+materia+medica&brwtype=lccn&channel
Name=ttuhsc&cpage=1&frm=smp.x&hitsPerPage=10&id=10114013&layout=document&sortBy=title&sortOrder=asc

Editors. Book title [monograph on the Internet]. Place of Publication: Publisher; year [cited year month day]. Available from: website address

First Consult:

Alzheimer's Disease. Medical Topic. FIRST Consult Web site.
Available at: http://www.firstconsult.com <http://www.firstconsult.com> . Updated September 21 2005. Accessed June 7, 2006.

MD Consult:

For Books, Journals, and Clinics:
Lambert CR. Angina pectoris. In: Rakel R. Conn's Current Therapy 2006. 58th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2006:363-367.

Aaronson DW. The "black box" warning and allergy drugs.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 117:40-44.

For Drug Monographs, Clinical Images, and Patient Education materials:
Nidus Information Services 2004: Diabetes type 2: comprehensive version. Patient Handouts page. MD Consult Web site, Core Collection.
Available at http://home.mdconsult.com/das/patient/view/44392089-2/10041/9454.html/top?sid=336606123. Accessed December 9, 2003.

Original Content:

West Nile Virus. Clinical Topic Tour. MD Consult Web site, Core Collection.
Available at: http://home.mdconsult.com/das/stat/view/57633942-2/ctt?nid=75179&sid=0&pos=75179. Posted April 24, 2006. Accessed May 5, 2006.

Drug Consult in Micromedex

Robinson J, Anderson HG. What pharmacologic alternatives are available for the management of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? (Drug Consult) in Gelman CR, Hess AJ & Rumack BH (eds.): DRUGDEX® information system. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, Colorado. 1995;87.

Authors. Title. (Drug Consult) in Gelman CR, Hess AJ & Rumack BH (eds): DRUGDEX® information system. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, Colorado. 1995;87.

Referencing the MICROMEDEX(R) Databases ( http://www.micromedex.com/about_us/legal/cite/ )

Students often ask how to reference the databases when completing assignments. The following formats should be used (TTUHSC subscribes to the Internet Version of Micromedex):

AMA

The entire Thomson Micromedex application:

Internet Version	Intranet Version	CD-ROM Version
Micromedex® Healthcare Series [internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Micromedex® Healthcare Series [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Micromedex® Healthcare Series [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.

An entire System or Database:

An individual document:

Internet Version	Intranet Version	CD-ROM Version
Acupuncture. In: AltCareDex® System [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Acupuncture. In: AltCareDex® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Acupuncture. AltCareDex® System [database on CD-ROM]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Feverfew. In: AltMedDex® System [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Feverfew. In: AltMedDex® System [intranet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Feverfew. In: AltMedDex® System [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
St. John's Wort. In: AltMedDex-REAX™ for the Patient [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	St. John's Wort. In: AltMedDex-REAX™ for the Patient [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	St. John's Wort. In: AltMedDex-REAX™ for the Patient [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson
Urolithiasis. In: DISEASEDEX™ – General Medicine [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Urolithiasis. In: DISEASEDEX™ – General Medicine [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Urolithiasis. In: DISEASEDEX™ – General Medicine [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Helical CT in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In: DISEASEDEX ™ - Emergency Medicine [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Helical CT in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In: DISEASEDEX™ - Emergency Medicine [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Helical CT in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In: DISEASEDEX™ - Emergency Medicine [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Cephalosporin generations. In: Dosing & Therapeutic Tools Database [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Cephalosporin generations. In: Dosing & Therapeutic Tools Database [intranet database]. Version 5.1 Micromedex.. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Cephalosporin generations. In: Dosing & Therapeutic Tools Database [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Evening primrose oil. In: DRUGDEX® System [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Evening primrose oil. In: DRUGDEX® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Evening primrose oil. In: DRUGDEX® System [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Exenatide injection (July 2005). In: P&T QUIK® Reports [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Exenatide injection (July 2005). In: P&T QUIK® Reports [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Exenatide injection (July 2005). In: P&T QUIK® Reports [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
ACE inhibitors. In: POISINDEX® System [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	ACE inhibitors. In: POISINDEX® System [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	ACE inhibitors. In: POISINDEX® System [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Hydrogen sulfide. In: HAZARDTEXT® Hazard Management [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Hydrogen sulfide. In: HAZARDTEXT® Hazard Management [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Hydrogen sulfide. In: HAZARDTEXT® Hazard Management [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Ergonomics. In: INFOTEXT® Documents [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Ergonomics. In: INFOTEXT® Documents [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Ergonomics. In: INFOTEXT® Documents [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Hydrogen sulfide. In: MEDITEXT® Medical Management [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Hydrogen sulfide. In: MEDITEXT® Medical Management [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Hydrogen sulfide. In: MEDITEXT® Medical Management [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Aluminum oxide. In: REPROTEXT® Database [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Aluminum oxide. In: REPROTEXT® Database [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Aluminum oxide. In: REPROTEXT® Database [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.
Acetaminophen (systemic). In: USP DI® Volume I: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional [Internet database]. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex. Updated periodically.	Acetaminophen (systemic). In: USP DI® Volume I: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional [intranet database]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.	Acetaminophen (systemic). In: USP DI® Volume I: Drug Information for the Health Care Professional [database on CD-ROM]. Version 5.1. Greenwood Village, Colo: Thomson Micromedex.

Natural Medicines Database:

Jellin JM, Gregory PJ, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database.
www.naturaldatabase.com Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty; accessed on mm/dd/yy.

STAT!Ref

Books:

Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Cardiology BOOK ONLINE. Jackson, Wyo.: Teton Data Systems, 1993.
Based on: Michael H. Crawford, editor. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Cardiology 1st edition. Norwalk, Conn.:
Appleton and Lange; 1995. STAT!Ref Medical Reference Library. Accessed 2002 Sept. 5.

Journal articles:

Drogset JO, Grontvedt T, (2002). Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device: results at 8-Year follow-up.
Am J Sports Med, 30(6): 851-6. Retrieved Sept. 12, 2003, from STAT!Ref Online Medical Library database.

Websites

The School of Pharmacy discourages the use of websites as references; however, there are situations in which this may be necessary.

Health on the Net Foundation. Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct (HONcode) for medical and health web sites. Available at: http://www.hon.ch/Conduct.html. Accessed June 26, 1997.

Rosenthal S, Chen R, Hadler S. The safety of acellular pertussis vaccine vs whole-cell pertussis vaccine [abstract]. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med [serial online]. 1996;150:457-60. Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/ajdc/vol_150/no_5?abstract/htm. Accessed November 10, 1996.

Authors. Title. Available at: URL. Accessed date.

Or...

Authors. Title. Journal Abbreviation [serial online]. Year;Volume:pages. Available at: URL. Accessed date

Quick Search

SOP Resources